{"id":2265,"date":"2021-05-11T11:28:49","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T08:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/?page_id=2265"},"modified":"2024-11-26T11:14:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T08:14:23","slug":"proemfyteytikos-elegchos-viopsia-emvryon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/el\/proemfyteytikos-elegchos-viopsia-emvryon\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u03a1\u039f\u0395\u039c\u03a6\u03a5\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u039f\u03a3 \u0395\u039b\u0395\u0393\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 – \u0392\u0399\u039f\u03a8\u0399\u0391 \u0395\u039c\u0392\u03a1\u03a5\u03a9\u039d"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

GENETIC TESTING\u00a0OF EMBRYOS\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
PGT-A (PGS)\/ PGT-M\u00a0(PGD)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

New genetic testing technologies\u00a0of the embryos have developed and include two different types:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • PGT-A<\/b>\u00a0(Preimplantation\u00a0Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies), previously known as PGS (preimplantation\u00a0genetic screening).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
    • PGT-M<\/b>\u00a0(Preimplantation\u00a0Genetic Testing for Monogenic\/Single Gene Defects), previously known as PGD (preimplantation\u00a0genetic diagnosis).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Genetic testing can only be performed on embryos created through IVF treatment.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion active_section=”0″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”ABOUT PGT-A” tab_id=”1591183191712-1e326bd8-5e6a”][vc_column_text]PGT-A is a\u00a0type of embryo\u00a0testing which\u00a0can determine the number of chromosomes\u00a0and\u00a0detect any structural chromosomal abnormalities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Healthy\u00a0embryos\u00a0carry\u00a046 chromosomes\u00a0in their cells with half of the chromosomes\u00a0derived\u00a0from the sperm and the\u00a0rest\u00a0from the egg. However some\u00a0embryos\u00a0may\u00a0have too few or too many chromosomes. Those embryos are associated with risks,\u00a0as they often fail to implant, can cause miscarriage or result in the birth of a child with a genetic syndrome such as Down\u2019s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      PGT-A\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0very useful\u00a0selection tool\u00a0for the identification of\u00a0embryos\u00a0with a\u00a0normal set of chromosomes\u00a0and its use can be particularly beneficial for some couples. Through this selection technique the risks associated with chromosomally abnormal embryos\u00a0may\u00a0significantly be reduced.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABOUT PGT-M” tab_id=”1591183191745-5ef3ead5-1737″][vc_column_text]PGT-M\u00a0<\/b>is\u00a0<\/b>a type of embryo testing\u00a0which can\u00a0identify\u00a0specific genetic defects within the embryos. It is particularly useful for couples, which\u00a0are at risk of transmitting\u00a0a serious genetic disorder,\u00a0such as cystic fibrosis\u00a0or\u00a0thalassaemia,\u00a0to their children. It\u00a0allows for the identification of\u00a0the\u00a0affected embryos\u00a0thus protects the couples from future emotional and physical implications or moral dilemmas; consider the termination of the pregnancy or decide to have a child who will suffer with a severe disease.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Genetic counselling” tab_id=”1591183299246-2fc5e685-2401″][vc_column_text]Genetic counselling\u00a0is very important\u00a0and is strongly\u00a0recommended\u00a0to\u00a0couples\u00a0meeting the criteria for\u00a0PGT-A or PGT-M, receive advice from our geneticist\u00a0before proceeding\u00a0with the\u00a0treatment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Who is eligible for genetic testing of embryos?” tab_id=”1591183351559-1409b41e-c0b3″][vc_column_text]In\u00a0line\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0rules\u00a0of the Greek National Authority of Assisted Reproduction\u00a0genetic screening of the embryos\u00a0is\u00a0allowed and may be considered in the following categories of patients:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Couples who have had more than 3 unsuccessful IVF\u00a0cycles\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Couples\u00a0who have had more than 3\u00a0miscarriages\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Couples who have had\u00a0a\u00a0previous\u00a0miscarriage with confirmed chromosomal abnormality of the embryo\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Couples who are carriers\u00a0of\u00a0an autosomal\u00a0recessive\u00a0disease\u00a0(i.e.\u00a0Thalassaemia,\u00a0Sickle cell\u00a0anaemia, Cystic fibrosis,\u00a0Tay\u00a0Sachs)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Individuals who are affected by an autosomal dominant\u00a0disease\u00a0(i.e. Huntington’s,\u00a0Myotonic\u00a0Dystrophy)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Individuals who are carriers or\u00a0have\u00a0X-linked conditions (i.e.\u00a0Haemophilia, Fragile X syndrome,\u00a0Duchenne\u00a0muscular dystrophy)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Individuals who are carriers of mutations\u00a0linked\u00a0with cancer syndromes (i.e. BRCA associated with breast cancer)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Individuals who are carriers of balanced chromosomal\u00a0abnormalities\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Women over the age of\u00a040\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Couples who have an offspring suffering from\u00a0life-threatening\u00a0blood disorders who need an exact match\u00a0for stem cells or bone marrow transplantation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”What the genetic testing procedure involves?” tab_id=”1591183404435-29c9aa5f-4671″][vc_column_text]Most commonly genetic testing is performed once the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage on day 5 or 6. At this stage the embryo consists of approximately 100 cells. Half\u00a0of these cells will\u00a0form\u00a0the baby and\u00a0other half will form the placenta. The technique for either PGT-A or PGT-M is exactly the same. A small number of cells from each embryo are obtained through biopsy and are tested by the geneticist for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic defects. The removed cells are taken from the part of the embryo that will form the placenta, while the part of the embryo that will\u00a0form the baby remains\u00a0intact.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        In selected cases genetic testing may also be performed on D3 embryos. At this stage of development the embryo consists of approximately 8 cells and the procedure involves the removal of 1 cell only, which subsequently is tested.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        However genetic testing done on D3 embryos is more invasive for the embryo and the results are less accurate, compared to D5 embryos, therefore it is not favored as a routine practice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Since\u00a0it takes\u00a0approximately 3\u00a0weeks to receive the results\u00a0of the test\u00a0from the laboratory\u00a0the embryos are kept frozen. Once the results are available the normal embryos or the embryos free from genetic disease can be thawed and transferred to the uterus. The timings and the preparations for the embryo transfer will be discussed with you.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”How long does it take to get the results? What the results mean?” tab_id=”1591183445515-23d4e62b-dcbe”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

        \u00a0How long does it take\u00a0to get the results?<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n
        \u00a0What the results mean?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

        It takes\u00a0on average 3\u00a0weeks to receive the results\u00a0of the test\u00a0from the laboratory.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        The results from\u00a0PGT-A<\/b>\u00a0will identify each embryo as:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Euploid<\/b>:\u00a0<\/b>All cells have\u00a0normal number of chromosomes. This embryo\u00a0is suitable for transfer\u00a0to the uterus or,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Aneuploid<\/b>:\u00a0<\/b>All cells have abnormal\u00a0number of chromosomes.\u00a0This embryo\u00a0is\u00a0not\u00a0suitable for transfer\u00a0or,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        3. Mosaic<\/b>:\u00a0<\/b>There is\u00a0a mixture of cells with\u00a0normal\u00a0and\u00a0abnormal\u00a0number of chromosomes.\u00a0We do not transfer this embryo.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          The results from\u00a0PGT-<\/b>M<\/b>\u00a0will identify each embryo as:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Unaffected:\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>This embryo\u00a0does not carry\u00a0the genetic disease\u00a0<\/b>and\u00a0<\/b>is suitable for transfer\u00a0to the uterus or,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. Affected:<\/b>\u00a0This embryo carries\u00a0the genetic disease\u00a0<\/b>and\u00a0<\/b>is\u00a0not\u00a0suitable for transfer.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Can both PGT-A and PGT-M be done at the same time?” tab_id=”1591183579383-7536a55c-c0e5″][vc_column_text]Yes. Screening of the embryos for chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A) and genetic defects (PGT-M) can be performed concurrently. The same genetic material can be used\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and no additional biopsy is needed.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Which are the limitations of the genetic testing?” tab_id=”1591183613300-cc22bca0-01af”][vc_column_text]Although genetic testing can be particularly beneficial for selected group of patients, the couples should be aware of the limitations of the testing.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            PGT-A can identify chromosomally normal embryos\u00a0suitable for transfer, but unfortunately cannot\u00a0guarantee a pregnancy\u00a0and cannot eliminate the risk of miscarriage. Even in the presence of a chromosomally normal embryo, there could be other reasons for an unsuccessful\u00a0IVF\u00a0treatment, such as a \u201chostile\u201d uterine environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Furthermore the results from PGT-A are not 100% precise\u00a0and there\u00a0is a\u00a0risk of false diagnosis,\u00a0which is less than 1%.\u00a0Therefore if a pregnancy occurs as a result of IVF with PGT-A,\u00a0the couples would be advised to consider amniocentesis\u00a0or chorionic villous sampling (CVS)\u00a0during pregnancy,\u00a0if they want to confirm the diagnosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Another limitation, which needs to be taken into consideration, is that the test cannot guarantee the presence of normal embryos. The expected number of normal embryos is directly correlated to\u00a0the\u00a0maternal age and the total number of embryos, which are available for testing.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”What tests you need to do?” tab_id=”1591183663405-3507eeb0-d5e5″][vc_column_text]If you are considering PGT- A, in addition to the tests\u00a0required\u00a0for your IVF treatment both you and your partner\/ husband must do the\u00a0Peripheral Blood Karyotype, which is a test to assess the number and structure of your chromosomes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            If you are considering PGT- M a blood test to establish the type of your genetic defect will be needed,\u00a0to allow our geneticist to\u00a0develop\u00a0a\u00a0specific\u00a0PGT-M test\u00a0which is unique for each patient.\u00a0It\u00a0normally\u00a0takes between 4-6\u00a0weeks\u00a0for your test to be ready\u00a0and\u00a0the results need to be available before the commencement of your IVF treatment.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Can PGT- A identify the sex of the embryo?” tab_id=”1591183664824-32137b04-9d22″][vc_column_text]Yes.\u00a0The sex of the embryo can be identified with PGT-A.\u00a0However, the law in Greece strictly prohibits sex selection for social or family balancing reasons. Permission to select embryos on the basis of their sex\u00a0is only\u00a0granted\u00a0to\u00a0couples, which are carriers or have\u00a0a history of known, sex-linked, serious medical conditions.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] GENETIC TESTING\u00a0OF EMBRYOS\u00a0 PGT-A (PGS)\/ PGT-M\u00a0(PGD)\u00a0 New genetic testing technologies\u00a0of the embryos have developed and include two different types:\u00a0\u00a0 PGT-A\u00a0(Preimplantation\u00a0Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies), previously known as PGS (preimplantation\u00a0genetic screening).\u00a0 PGT-M\u00a0(Preimplantation\u00a0Genetic Testing for Monogenic\/Single Gene Defects), previously known as PGD (preimplantation\u00a0genetic diagnosis).\u00a0 Genetic testing can only be performed on embryos created through IVF treatment.\u00a0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion active_section=”0″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”ABOUT PGT-A” tab_id=”1591183191712-1e326bd8-5e6a”][vc_column_text]PGT-A is…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2139,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2265","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nFertilityAdvanced | \u03a0\u03a1\u039f\u0395\u039c\u03a6\u03a5\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u039f\u03a3 \u0395\u039b\u0395\u0393\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 - \u0392\u0399\u039f\u03a8\u0399\u0391 \u0395\u039c\u0392\u03a1\u03a5\u03a9\u039d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/el\/proemfyteytikos-elegchos-viopsia-emvryon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FertilityAdvanced | \u03a0\u03a1\u039f\u0395\u039c\u03a6\u03a5\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u039f\u03a3 \u0395\u039b\u0395\u0393\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 - \u0392\u0399\u039f\u03a8\u0399\u0391 \u0395\u039c\u0392\u03a1\u03a5\u03a9\u039d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] GENETIC TESTING\u00a0OF EMBRYOS\u00a0 PGT-A (PGS)\/ PGT-M\u00a0(PGD)\u00a0 New genetic testing technologies\u00a0of the embryos have developed and include two different types:\u00a0\u00a0 PGT-A\u00a0(Preimplantation\u00a0Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies), previously known as PGS (preimplantation\u00a0genetic screening).\u00a0 PGT-M\u00a0(Preimplantation\u00a0Genetic Testing for Monogenic\/Single Gene Defects), previously known as PGD (preimplantation\u00a0genetic diagnosis).\u00a0 Genetic testing can only be performed on embryos created through IVF treatment.\u00a0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion active_section=”0″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”ABOUT PGT-A” tab_id=”1591183191712-1e326bd8-5e6a”][vc_column_text]PGT-A is…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/el\/proemfyteytikos-elegchos-viopsia-emvryon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FertilityAdvanced\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T08:14:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/7.-GENETIC-TESTING.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/el\/proemfyteytikos-elegchos-viopsia-emvryon\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fertilityadvanced.gr\/el\/proemfyteytikos-elegchos-viopsia-emvryon\/\",\"name\":\"FertilityAdvanced | \u03a0\u03a1\u039f\u0395\u039c\u03a6\u03a5\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u039f\u03a3 \u0395\u039b\u0395\u0393\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 - 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